Device or mechanism for drilling square or irregular holes.



F. BIRCH LAND & G. BIRCH. DEVICE 0B. MECHANISM FOR DRILLING SQUARE 0R IRREGULAR HOLES.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 4, 1912.

Patented 0011.20, 1914.

2 SHEBTSSHEET 1 I. BIRGHLAND & G. BIRCH. DEVICE 0R MECHANISM FOR DRILLING SQUARE 0R IRREGULAR HOLES. APPLICATION FILED DIBOA, 1912.

1 1 1 3,949. Patented 001;. 20, 1914.

2 SHEETSSHE ET 2.

@ I I 37 I,

FRE DRIK-. BIRCHLAND;- AND GUST AF BIRcH', onimooxtim, fNEw YORK.

DEVICE OB MECHANISM FOR DRILLING SQUARE OR IRREGULAR HOLES.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, FREDRIK BIRoHnANn and GUsTAnBmcmritizens of the United States, and residents OfBIOOklyII, in the county of: Kings and State- 0f New-'York, have invented certaln new-and useful Improvements in '-,Devices or Mechanisms'ior -Drilling Square 'or Irregular-"Holes, of

which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to novelmechamsms by means-of which itis entirelypracticable to bore-or form squarerother holes of polygonal, or non-circular outline with accuracy and-- under conditions rendering-the mechanism of commercial =utility, and-saidinvention consists in novel -features-and structures hereinafterdescribed and particularly pointed out in the claims. The object of' the invention is to provide suitable means whereby a round hole:drilled in a piece-*ofmetal or other material may be additionally bored-in lateral directions to transform-it into a polygonal or non-circularhole of predetermined character, our invention bein equallyappli'cable to the formation 'ofoles' having any predetermined number of angles, as, for illustration, holes halving four, fi -ve; six, eight or more equal s1 e -In the-preferredembodiment of-our in-= "vention when usedin connection with a lathe, the work or piece of metal having a round hole therein and which-hole isto: be transformed into a square or other po1yg0-' nal hole, will be held by a-suitable holder or chuck-and rotated by the usual spindle drive, and we will equip the lathe with special mechanism embracing our invention and comprising a tool-holder'- mounted in areef-- ciprocatory carriage and adapted to enter" the round holein the work, a latcmlly-mov-.-

able cutting-tool in theforward end of said' holder arranged to-be projected through the side of the holderagainstthe; walls of the .holein' the work and-retl rried within theholder at predeterminedntervals'durin'g each rotation of: the work, a reciprocatory slide entering said tool holder and-which controls the projection and withdrawal; of the butting-tool with relation --to'- the -toolholdeij, -rotary cam-mechanism for positively and at pfedetermined-intervals moving said slide-to eontrobthe-fsaid projection and -w ithdrawal of "the cutting-tool, and a *pinion wheel on the shaft of said cam-mechanism B and which is;dr-i ven= by the driving gear! Specification of Letters latent.

Patented Oct. 20, 1914.

Apbliea-tion filed December 4, 1912. Serial No. 734,894.

rearwardly to secure the withdrawal ofsaid tool from said wall. Since the cutting-tool is-projected only once-during each rotation of the-cam-shaft, we time the rotation of said shaft with relation to the rotation of the 'worlror piece of metal undertreatment sdthat saidshaft'shallduring each rotation of-the work haveas-many rotations as there are angles to be formed in .the hole in the work, as,- for-instancc, if the hole is to be square the cam-shaft will be given four rotaticnssd-uringonerotation of the work, and if-the-holia in the work is to be five-sided the-camshaft gwill begiven five rotations during-one rotation "of-the work The tim ing of the-rotation-of the cam-shaft with relaticn tothe rotation of the work may be conveniently.- accomplished by employing a suitable pinion-wheel on the cam-shaft to engage the maimdriving, gear of the lathe, the said-gearwheelbeing four to one, or five to one, for illustration, with relation to the pinion wheel.

' T-he'inventionwill be -fully understood from the detailed description hereinafter presented, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is aside elevation-of a portion of a l'athe equipped, with mechanism embodying our invention, the workor piece of metal held by the-lathe and to have-a polygonal hole formed-thereinbeing illustrated in section';=F-ig. 2; isan-enlarged vertical longitudinal; section, partly broken away, through -the-reciprocatory1ool holder: and cooperating parts constituting. a portion of the--mechanism-of ourim'rentibn; Fig. 3 is an end view ofthelathe 011a smaller scale, taken fronttheleft hand endof Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a ve'rtical section through a portion of the lathe, on-the dotted-line L-A of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a vertical sectionthrough the lathe meehanism, taken on the dotted 'line 5-5 of Fig. 1; Fig. Bis a sectional view through thci tool- "holder, takenon the dotted line 6+6fof Fig, 1;-thework:or piece of metal to hav-e an irregular-hole formedtherein being represented by dotted lines, and the transversely movable cutting tool carried by said holder being shown in its outer position;

- Fig. 7 is a detached view of the cam-mechanism by which the transverse movements of the tool are, through intermediate parts hetween said mechanism and tool, efi'ectedy Fig. 8 is a vertical transverse section, partly broken away, through the arm which in the assembled mechanism engages the cam mechanism, shown in Fig. 7 Fig. 9 is a vertical longitudinal section, partly broken away, through the tool holder and cooperating parts taken on the dotted line 9-3-9 of Fig. 6, and F spective view of the cutting tool. t

' In the drawings, 15 designates the bed of a'lathe, 16 a head-frame thereon, 17 a tail frame on said bed and 18 a usual driving- 20 pulley whose motion is, through a pinion 19, imparted to the main gear wheel 20 secured on the live spindle 21. In the present instance we secure on the spindle 21 a holder or chuck 22 for the work or piece ofmetal 23 in which the polygonal hole is to be.

formed. The holder 22 may be of any suit able construction adapted to hold the work .23 and. compel thevsame'to rotate with the spindle 21. At present the holder 22 comprises a main body carrying clamps 24, co-

operating screws 25 and spacing blocks 26 against which the work is bound by said clamps-and screws. The work 23 is shown as a circular piece of metal having a circu- 5 lar or round hole 27 therein,'which hole is to be given a polygonal outline by the means constituting our invention. In the illustra tion of our invention presented herein, the

hole 27 will be given the square outline ina dicated' bydotted lines in Fig. 6.

The tail-frame 17 is mounted in guides 28.

and may be'moved or adjusted toward and from thework 23 bymeans'of a'manually operative screw 29, which is rotatabl connected at one end with said frame an at its outer threaded portion engages an internally threaded opening or nut in. a station.- ary standard 30. On the outer end of the screw 29 is a hand-wheel 31.

The frame 17 has secured to theforward side of its upper portion the cylindrical toolholder 32, whose rear endis screwed into said frame/17 and whose front end is closed j by a hardened metal cap 33 having at its 3 upper edge a narrowrearwardly extendingpart 34 filling a slot formed to receive it in. the top. of the holder 32. The cap 33 and its extension 34may be secured to the holder 32by means of screws, as shown in Figs; 2, 4 and 9.v Inthe extension 34 of the cap 33 is formed a-' vertical opening 35 for .the transversely disposed cutting-tool 36. The tool 36'snugly fills the openmg 35 and has a sharpened outer edge, and said. tool has formed in the sideof its inner portion 111-.

"drawal of the tool 36, comprises a. rotary ca 1n 43-which faces the cam 42 has a uniform face except at, 51, where it has a coniclined recess 37 which fits freely upon'an upwardly and forwardly inclined rib 38 .which is integral with a reciprocatory or sliding rod 39 housed at its forward portion within the cylindrical tool holder 32 and at its rear portion being extended through and guided by the frame 17, as shown in Fig. 1. The rod 39 is slidablevwithin the cylindrical tool-holder 32 and at its forward portion is recessed, as at 40, to aflord a space for the tool 36 and provide for the sliding movement of the .rod with relation to said tool. When the rod 39 is moved rearwardly, or toward the right looking at Figs. 1 and 2, it will, through the rib 38 and walls of the recess 80 37, cause the tool 36 to be projected laterally for operative action, and when said rod 39 is moved forwardly, or toward the left, looking at Figs. 1 and 2, it will, through the rib 38, effect the inward movement of the tool36. The rod 39 in its movements controls the action and position of the tool 36, and since said tool cuts the angles of the hole in the work 23, the movements of said rod must be of predetermined timing with" relation to. the rotary movement of the work. I t

The mechanism provided by us for securingthevproper sliding movement of the'rod 39 and theconsequent projection and withcam mechanism mounted in the lower portion of the frame 17 and consisting of a hollow hub 41 and corresponding cams 42, 43 integral therewith, an operating shaft 44 extending through and secured to said hub, a'pinion wheel 45in mesh with the gear wheel 20 and to which said shaft 44 is sIid-' ably keyed, and an arm 46 secured at its upper end to said rod 39 and at its lowerend being between the cams 42, 43 and. carrying hardened rollers, 47 in. engagement therewith. The frame 17 is provided witha rod 48 passing through the arm-46 and serving to guide and maintain the lower no end of the same in due relation to the cams 42, 43. The shaft 44 is slidable through the pinion 45 asthe frame 17 is moved by the screw;29,; and the lower end of the arm 46 is split (Fig. 8) and receives a screw 49 which may be used to fix the initial rela: tion of the rollers 47 to the earns 42, 43 and thereafterto spread said rollers outwardly in a direction from each other to compensate I for any wear on said cams.

120 1 The'cams 42,43 are alike and might be considered asone wheel with a peripheralv cant-groove init, The cam 42 has a uniform face except. at 50; where a conical projec-, tionis formed thereon. That side of the cal recess directly in line and corresponding with the projection 50 .'on the cam 42. During their rotation thepams 42, 43 engage the lower end of the firm by reason of [the projection 50 and recess 51in said cams, cause said arm and the rod 39 connected with it to haves. definite reciprocating moveprojection andwithdrawalof the tool 36, said tool being projected as one side of the projection 50 and recess 51 approach and ride against the lower end of the arm 46 and caused to recede. as the other side of said projection and recess travel in a direction from the lower end of said arm 46.

In the illustration of our invention pre sented herein, asquare hole is to be formed in the work and the tool 36 is to be proj acted and withdrawnfour times during each rotation of the work 23, so'that said tool may cut that the cams 4-2, 43 will have four rota.- --tions to each rotation of the work. Then cut the four angles in the' walls of the hole, and hence, there being only oneprojection 50 on the cam .42, the pinion wheel 45, shaft 44 and cams 42, 43 will be given four rotations to each rotation of the work 23. The pinion wheel 45 has four rotations imparted to it during each rotation of the driving gearwheel 20, said gearing being four to one, and hence it will be apparthe work 23 is to have a hole possessing five, six, seven or more angular walls. formed therein, the of the cams 42, 43 with the work 23 will vary accordingly, said cams having five rotations to one rotation of the work when a five-sided hole is to he formed, six rotations to one rotation of-the work whena six-sided hole is to be formed and seven rotationsto one rotation of the work when a seven-sided hole is to. be formed, and so on, there being one rotation .of the cams for each angle to be formed in the hole. The timing of the cams with relation to the work may be readily accomplished at the gear wheel 20 and pinion 45, the gearing to be employed being five to one when a five sided hole is to be formed, six to one when a six-sided hole is to be formed, seven to one when a seven sided hole is to be formed, and so on.

The operation of the machine will largely be understood from the description hereinbefore presented. In the use of the machine the work 23 having a round-hole therein is clamped in the holder or chuck 22 and the frame 17 is advanced by means of the screw 29 until the tool-holder 32 is within the hole in the work up to the point that the.

lines m1 transforni'said 11016 into a hole 'of' polygonal .outline,- ;as= representedby the dotted lines in Fig. 6, said cutter during the operation being gradually advanced by.

the attendant through the medium of the screw- 2.9 and t me 17, so. that the cutter may gradually cut its way through the metal or piece of material under treatment.

In Fig. 6 a square hole has been represented by dotted lines as having been cut in the'work, and it may he mentioned that said hole maybe transformed into a hole having the shape of an eight-pointed star by simply giving the piece 23 a one-quarter turn in the chuck or holder 22 and again subjecting the same to the action of the cutter, which will then cut equal angles in the central portions of the sides of the square hole leaving the hole with eight projecting angles; a hole of the kind just describedis useful in wrenches, for illustration, since it would fit over a nut in either of two main positions of the wrench handle,-

'What we claim as. our invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent,'is:

l.- Mechanism for transforming a round hole in a piece of WOI'K into a polygonal hole of predetermined shape, comprising a holding-member for the work, a tool-holder member adapted to enter said round hole, a cutting-tool carried by said tool-holder member, means for pro ecting said toollaterally from and withdrawing it into said toolholder member at intervals for cutting the angles. in the hole,-and means for rotating one of said members.

2. Mechanism for transforming a round hole in a piece of work into a polygonal hole of predetermined shape, comprising a holding-member for the work, a tool-holder member adapted to enter said round hole, a cutting-tool carried by said tool-holder member, means for projecting said tool laterally from and withdrawing it into said tool-holder member-at intervals for cutting the angles in the hole, and means for rotat ing one of said members, combined with means for effecting a gradual advance relatively between the work and cutting-tool.-

3. Mechanism for transforming a round hole in a piece of work into a polygonal hole of predetermined outline, comprising a holding-member for the work, a tool-holder redetermined outline, comprising a ion wheel connected to be driven by sai gear wheel and of such predetermined ratio with respect thereto that while said rotating 1 said tool laterally against the wall of the hole and withdrawing it therefromat intervals for cutting the anglesiin the hole, and means 'for rotating one of said members, said. means for projecting and withdrawing said tool comprising a gear wheel timed to rotate correspondingly with said rotating member, and an actuatin pinmember is making one rotation said pinion wheel will make as many rotations as there are angles to be cut in the wall of said hole, combined with means for effecting a gradual advance; relatively between the work and cutting tool. u

' 5. Mechanism for transforming a round hole in a piece of work into a polygonal hole of predetermined outline, comprising a holding-member for the work, a tool-holder, a cuttingtool carried by said tool-holder, means for rotating the work, cam-mechanism for eflectingduring' such rotation the gradual projection of said tool against the wall of the hole and a like withdrawal of the same therefrom for cutting angular sides in the hole, and means for causing said cam-mechanism to project and withdraw said tool as-many times during each rotation of the work as there are angles to be cut in thewalls of' the hole, combined with meansfor effecting a gradual advance relatively between the work and cutting tool.

hole in a piece of-work into a polygonal hole 6. Mechanism for transforming a round bf-predeterminedf-outline, comprising a roating said slide, vmeans for rotating said cam-mechanism during each. rotation of the work as many times as there are angles to.

be cut in said hole, and means for moving said slidable frame toward and from the work-holder.

l '7.v Mechanism fortransforming around" hole ina piece of work into a polygonal hole of predetermined outline, comprising a rotary work-holding member, a tool-holder,

a cutting-tool carried'by said tool-holder, a

slide within said tool-holder for projecting said tool laterally from and withdrawing it into said tool-holder for cutting the anar sides in the walls of said hole, cammechanism for actuating said slide, and means for rotating said cam-mechanism during each rotation of the work as many times as there are angles to be cut in said hole.

Signed at New York, in the county and State of New York, this 2nd day of December,

I FREDRIK BIRCHDAND.

I GUSTAF BIRCH.

; Witnesses: 7

Airrrmn Marlon,

CHAS. C, GILL. 

